Osteoarthritis vs. Osteoporosis: What’s the difference?
As we age, our bones and joints naturally go through changes. Two of the most common conditions affecting older adults are osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Though they sound similar, they are very different in how they affect the body. Understanding the differences can help in early diagnosis and better management.
At Physio Direct, we get this question often when working with homecare and NDIS patients. Many people are unsure whether their aches and stiffness are from “arthritis” or “brittle bones.” It’s important to understand the difference, as it guides how we keep you moving safely and confidently at home.
What is osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disorder. It occurs when the cartilage – the protective tissue at the ends of bones – breaks down over time. Without this cushion, bones rub against each other, leading to pain, stiffness, swelling and reduced movement in the affected joints. OA most commonly affects the knees, hips, hands and spine.
OA is more likely to develop with age, joint injuries, obesity or repetitive stress on joints. It is considered a wear-and-tear condition and is not caused by bone loss, but rather by joint degradation.
What is osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a bone disease where bones become weak, brittle and porous. It often develops silently over years and may not be noticed until a bone breaks – typically in the hip, spine or wrist. Unlike osteoarthritis, osteoporosis doesn’t usually cause joint pain or swelling.
This condition is more common in postmenopausal women, but it also affects men. Risk factors include low calcium or vitamin D intake, lack of weight-bearing exercise, smoking, excessive alcohol, and certain medications or medical conditions.
How common are they in Australia?
Osteoarthritis affects around 2.2 million Australians (about 1 in 11 people), and is one of the leading causes of pain and disability in older adults.
Osteoporosis affects approximately 924,000 Australians (about 1 in 25 people) over the age of 50, with many more at risk due to low bone density.
Key differences at a glance:
| Aspect | Osteoarthritis | Osteoporosis |
|---|---|---|
| Affects | Joints | Bones |
| Main issue | Cartilage breakdown | Bone density loss |
| Symptoms | Joint pain, stiffness, swelling | Often no symptoms until fracture |
| Common sites | Knees, hips, hands, spine | Spine, hips, wrists |
| Visible signs | Reduced joint function | Height loss, stooped posture |
Managing both conditions
While neither condition can be completely cured, lifestyle changes, medications and therapies can help manage symptoms and slow progression.
For OA: Regular low-impact exercise, weight management, pain relievers and joint-friendly diets are key.
For osteoporosis: Bone-strengthening medications, calcium and vitamin D supplements, weight-bearing exercise and fall prevention strategies are vital.
In summary, osteoarthritis affects the joints, while osteoporosis affects the bones. Knowing the difference empowers you to seek the right care and take steps to protect your mobility and bone health as you age.
How Physio Direct can help
We see firsthand how targeted physiotherapy helps people with osteoarthritis stay active and independent, and how strength and balance programs reduce falls in those with osteoporosis.
At Physio Direct, we work closely with NDIS and home care suppliers to improve outcomes for our patients, ensuring you receive the therapy, education and equipment you need to live well at home.
To learn how we can help you or a loved one manage osteoarthritis or osteoporosis safely at home, call Physio Direct today.
